According to the attached passage, the “junk science” may also be described as “deceptive science” because ____.
____
The following is an excerpt from a chemistry textbook, explaining pseudoscience and some related terms.
Another term, junk science, is often used to describe scientific theories or data which, while perhaps legitimate in themselves, are believed to be mistakenly used to support an opposing position. There is usually an element of political or ideological bias in the use of the term. Thus the arguments in favor of limiting the use of fossil fuels in order to reduce global warming are often characterized as junk science by those who do not wish to see such restrictions imposed, and who claim that other factors may well be the cause of global warming. A wide variety of commercial advertising (ranging from hype to outright fraud) would also fall into this category; at its most egregious it might better be described as deceptive science.
Retrieved from: http://www.chem1.com/acad/sci/pseudosci.html
it proves that the scientists cannot be trusted and their data is not reliable so as to cast doubt in the audience’s mind
it puts forth false claims in the name of science, causing the audience to be deceived into believing something entirely untrue
it is used to hide the truth of the scientific outcomes and have people believing false narratives
it is intended to mislead the audience into believing something that may not be true
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